Chip is also known as microcircuit, microchip, integrated circuit, which is actually a general term for semiconductor component products. There are many classifications of chips, which can be divided into analog chips and digital chips according to different processing signals. In simple terms, analog chips use the amplifying effect of transistors, while digital analog chips use the switching effect of crystals. Specifically, analog chips are used to generate, amplify and process various analog signals. The difficulty of analog chip design is that there are too many non-ideal effects, which requires solid basic knowledge and rich experience, such as small signal analysis, time domain frequency domain analysis, and so on.

In contrast, digital chips are used to generate, amplify and process various digital signals. Digital chips generally perform logic operations. CPU, memory chips and DSP chips are all digital chips. The difficulty of digital chip design lies in the large scale of the chip and complex process requirements, so it usually requires multiple teams to develop collaboratively. The CPU is the central processing unit. As the computing and control core of the computer system, it is the final execution unit for information processing and program operation. The CPU is the core hardware unit that controls and allocates all the hardware resources of the computer (such as memory, input and output units) and performs general operations.

According to the international standard classification, it can be divided into: integrated circuits, discrete devices, sensors, optoelectronics;

According to the circuit, it can be divided into: analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits, mixed-signal integrated circuits;

According to different processing signals, it can be divided into: analog chips: chips that process analog signals are called analog chips; digital chips: chips that process digital signals are called digital chips. So what are analog and digital signals? Analog signal: to put it simply, it is a continuous signal, that is, it is continuously emitted; digital signal: it is a discrete signal, and it is simply discontinuous.

According to the function of use, it can be divided into: GPU, CPU, FPGA, DSP, ASIC, SOC;

Classified according to different application scenarios: civil grade (consumer grade), industrial grade, automotive grade, military grade, aerospace grade;

With millions or billions of components on a single chip, it is impossible to locate and connect each component individually. The chip is too small to solder and connect. Instead, designers use specialized programming languages to create small circuit elements and combine them, incrementally increasing the size and density of components on a chip to meet application needs.